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Rolf (Airedale terrier)
Rolf (died 1919)〔Jan Bondeson, 'Canine Intellectuals', in ''Fortean Times '', August 2011, p. 36.〕 was an Airedale terrier that was claimed to have been able to perform arithmetic and communicate with humans on an intellectual level.
==Claims==
According to Rolf's owner, Paula Moekel of Mannheim, Germany, the dog could communicate with humans by tapping out letters with his paw. He assigned the highest number of taps to less common letters.〔 According to Moekel, the dog was a poet,〔(), 'Nazi-educated dogs could read and speak', May 29, 2011, ''The Guardian.''〕 a bibliophile〔'Canine Intellectuals', p. 37.〕 and a 'speaker' of several languages.〔 In her biography of Rolf she even claimed that the dog dabbled in deep theology and philosophy.〔 These claims attracted attention in Germany, as they came at the height of the 'New Animal Psychology' movement.〔'Canine Intellectuals', p. 38.〕 The 'New Animal Psychologists', led by Dr. Karl Krall, believed that certain animals, such as dogs and horses, were nearly as intelligent as humans and could be trained to unlock their intellectual potential.〔(), 'The School to Teach Nazi War Dogs to Speak', 26 May, 2011, ''Psychology Today'', Stanley Coren.〕 A colleague of Krall's, Professor H.E Ziegler of the University of Stuttgart, studied Rolf at his home and came away impressed,〔 as did a Dr. William McKenzie.〔 However, a study by doctors Wilhelm Neumann and Ferdinand Lothar concluded that Rolf was merely reacting to unconscious signals from his master.〔'Canine Intellectuals', p. 42.〕 According to an article published in ''Psychology Today'', the Rolf case proved influential in developing the Nazi talking dog programme.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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